Alcohol Abuse Treatment - Alcohol Rehab Directory

Local Time in Hopkins is

Hopkins, Michigan Population:

Hopkins, Michigan has a population of 592 as of 2000.

Population Breakdown in Hopkins, Michigan:

Caucasian - 553
African American - 3
Hispanic - 6
Other - 30

Hopkins, MI. Education Information:

Hopkins had a total of 179 high school graduates in 2000.
Hopkins, MI. has a total of 37 college graduates with a bachelor's degree
or higher and 75 people with some college education. (Includes
Associates Degree)

Hopkins Family Info Breakdown:

Hopkins has a total of 30 single parents with children.
There are also 56 parents who are married with children in Hopkins, Michigan.

Hopkins, Michigan Housing Breakdown:

Hopkins has 165 houses that are owner occupied.
Hopkins has 54 houses that are renter-occupied.
Around 9 houses are vacant in Hopkins, Michigan.
$87,300 is the average value of a house in Hopkins, MI.
$408 is the average cost to rent a house in Hopkins.

Hopkins, Michigan Income Information:

The average income per family is $39,583 in Hopkins.


Zip codes in Hopkins
49328


Area codes in Hopkins
269

Map of Hopkins, Michigan :

Name
Phone
Email
CityHopkins
StateMichigan
Person Seeking Treatment Age
Is Person Looking for Treatment?Yes No
More Information
Preferred Contact Method?Phone Email


How Long Should I Stay in an Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Facility in Hopkins?


There is no "magic number" as to how long is best when it comes to the length of alcohol abuse rehabilitation. There are many factors to think about when considering how long your Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center in Hopkins should be. These factors include the length of alcohol abuse history, your history of prior alcohol treatment, your budget for rehab, and how many if any relapses you may have had, and the severity of underlying issues or trauma's in your life. There is no way to determine exactly how long it will take you to fully recover from alcohol abuse. A good way of looking at the duration of alcohol treatment is that recovery from alcohol takes as long as it takes. This of course varies wildly from person to person in Hopkins.

Scientific research and statistics have determined that longer term residential Alcoholism Treatment Facilities consisting of 90 days or longer provide the greatest potential for success. Many in-patient Alcohol Rehabilitation Centers in Hopkins are typically 28 or 30 days in length. Most 28 or 30 day Alcohol Rehab Centers in Hopkins were originally designed to conform with insurance companies because many insurance carriers only cover a maximum of 28 to 30 days of substance abuse treatment. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict with certainty that exactly "28 days" is the correct amount of time to recover from drug or alcohol addiction. In fact, in most cases this is not enough time for a successful lasting recovery.

When trying to determine the correct length of stay at an Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Center in Hopkins, It is always best to seek help from an addiction professional who can assess the overall situation and be able to suggest the correct treatment type and length based on their knowledge and experience. Let's face it, alcohol abuse and addiction, to a vast majority of people is largely misunderstood and as a result, people often make improper choices as to which type of Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility in Hopkins they should consider, therefore they often receive inadequate treatment.




How Much Do Alcohol Treatment Programs Cost in Hopkins?


The cost of an Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Facility in Hopkins can vary tremendously depending on many factors, such as the type of Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center, the length of stay, the quality and credentials of the staff, and what services are included. All these factors make the question, "How much does alcohol rehab cost?" extremely difficult to answer with simplicity. If you are seeking the best value for your treatment dollar, remember: price can be meaningful only in the context of quality and performance.

The cost of rehabilitation for alcohol abuse can be expensive. Full-time, inpatient, or residential Alcoholism Treatment Facilities in Hopkins can cost from $400 to $1200 per day in some cases. The average cost for a residential Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Center is about $7,000 per month. Additionally, there are Alcohol Rehabilitation Centers in Hopkins that are free (paid for by our taxes) however the quality of treatment is very low and success rates can suffer tremendously. Outpatient care is typically less expensive. Insurance may cover some or all of the cost of an Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility in Hopkins so it is important to check with you insurance provider to find out what they may cover in your case.

Also remember that the cost of alcohol addiction and alcoholism can far exceed the cost of a Hopkins Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Center. An Alcohol Treatment Program in Hopkins is a bargain compared to the cost of the consequences of alcohol addiction such as failed jobs, failed relationships, legal issues, lying, stealing, health complications, jail, and ultimately death!

When looking for an Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility in Hopkins, it is not recommended that you base your decision on price alone. Rather, it is more important to focus on the effectiveness of the Hopkins Alcoholism Treatment Facility. After all, if you're going to pay some amount of money, it is imperative that it present the best possibility for success, otherwise all is wasted and you'll have to do it all over again soon.




What Types of Rehab are Available for Alcohol Abuse in Hopkins?


When searching for an Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Facility in Hopkins it is imperative to select the correct type of Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center in Hopkins that will address your specific treatment needs. For most people, alcohol abuse and addiction is largely misunderstood and as a result, people often make improper choices as to which type of Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Center in Hopkins they should consider, therefore they often receive inadequate treatment. When alcohol abuse has become a central aspect of life for yourself or your loved one, time is essential. You must quickly educate yourself about the many different types of Alcoholism Treatment Facilities available in Hopkins.

Most Alcohol Rehabilitation Centers in Hopkins will offer a variety of services but often they will be categorized as a specific treatment type. There are many alcohol treatment types available including, out-patient alcohol treatment, inpatient alcohol treatment, alcohol detox, short term alcohol treatment or long term alcohol treatment.

Outpatient Alcohol Treatment in Hopkins

There are many outpatient Alcohol Rehab Centers in Hopkins. Most consist of some form of education classes, support groups, and or individualized therapy where the alcohol user does not require overnight stay. This is a popular form of treatment because of it's flexibility especially for those who cannot take long periods of time to devote entirely to alcohol abuse treatment. These types of programs can be very useful to those in Hopkins who must continue to work or attend school. Programs for outpatient treatment vary depending on the patient’s needs and the facility but they can consist simply of attending an community 12-step group, to a more structured outpatient program typically meeting a couple of times every week for a couple of hours at a time or, intensive out-patient(IOP) which consists of a highly structured group program that meets 3 to 5 days a week for a few hours at a time.

Attending outpatient treatment is different from inpatient treatment in that you are not under constant supervision, you still live at home and requires strict self discipline. For those who fear they may give in to the temptation of alcohol in the early stages of treatment, inpatient residential treatment at a Hopkins Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility is recommended.

Inpatient Alcohol Treatment in Hopkins

Individuals who feel their alcohol abuse has affected their lifestyle such as their family, friends, or work will benefit greatly from inpatient alcohol treatment. This form of treatment provides the recovering alcohol addict with support 24-hours a day. Additionally, removing the individual from their former surroundings helps them to adjust to living an alcohol-free lifestyle. The benefits of inpatient treatment also include the reduced likelihood of the individual using alcohol while in treatment as well as highly structured days.

Inpatient treatment can take place in a variety of locations. Many first think of hospitals or similar accommodations, however, this is not always the case. Inpatient treatment takes place in residential settings as well. In fact, the preferred treatment environment of an inpatient Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Center in Hopkins would be one that was is restrictive than a hospital, but has close supervision and structured days. Most of these types of SINGULER in Hopkins offer supervised detoxification that may involve medication in a hospital setting or social detoxification (i.e. no medication) in a non-hospital setting.

Hopkins Alcohol Detox

Alcohol Detox in Hopkins is where the recovery process begins. Quitting alcohol abuse can initially be very uncomfortable and withdrawal symptoms often occur. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be life threatening in some cases so it is important to seek care in a Hopkins alcohol detox facility where medical professionals can manage and minimize the symptoms associated with drug or alcohol withdrawal under 24 hour care and supervision.

It is important to note that although alcohol detox plays a valuable role in the alcohol abuse recovery process, it is does NOT constitute a complete recovery. It is recommended that the alcohol abuser attends a Hopkins Alcohol Treatment Program after the initial alcohol detox process is complete.

Short Term Alcohol Treatment in Hopkins

Short term Alcohol Treatment and Alcohol Detox Centers in Hopkins consist of inpatient treatment typically lasting 28 - 30 days or less. Short term Alcohol Rehabilitation Facilities were originally designed to conform with insurance companies because many insurance carriers only cover a maximum of 28 to 30 days of substance abuse treatment. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict with certainty that exactly "28 days" is the correct amount of time to recover from an alcohol abuse problem. In fact, in most cases this is not enough time for a successful lasting recovery.

Short term Alcoholism Treatment Centers in Hopkins can be beneficial for those who have only been abusing alcohol for a short amount of time and the degree of alcohol abuse is relatively low. Short term Alcohol Treatment Centers in Hopkins provide the alcohol abuser the opportunity to get away from their drinking patterns and for a short amount of time and focus on medical stabilization, abstinence, and lifestyle changes.

Long Term Alcohol Treatment in Hopkins

Long term alcohol treatment, otherwise known as long term “Residential” alcohol treatment generally lasts anywhere from 3 to 12 months in a residential, non-hospital setting. Long term Alcoholism Treatment and Alcohol Detox Facilities in Hopkins use the program's entire "community," including other residents, staff, and the social context, as active components of treatment. Long term Alcohol Rehab and Alcohol Detoxification Centers in Hopkins focus on developing personal accountability and responsibility and ethical productive lives. Long term Alcohol Treatment and Alcohol Detox Facilities in Hopkins are highly structured with activities designed to help residents examine harmful beliefs, self-concepts, and patterns of behavior and to adopt new life skills, coping skills and constructive ways to interact with others.








Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC
Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 1415 Trumball Avenue Detroit, MI 48216
Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, AIDS and HIV, Men, Criminal Justice Clients, and Hearing Impaired. Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Metropolitan Counseling Centers LLC is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (313) 964-2030.



Dawn Inc
Dawn Inc is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Center located at 6633 Stony Creek Road Ypsilanti, MI 48197
Dawn Inc provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Dawn Inc accepts these payment options : Self Pay. Dawn Inc is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (734) 485-8725.



Family Service Inc
Family Service Inc is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Center located at 220 Bagley Street Detroit, MI 48226
Family Service Inc specializes in Teens, and Criminal Justice Clients. Family Service Inc provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Family Service Inc accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Family Service Inc is a Alcohol Treatment Program that can be contacted at (313) 965-2141.



Clinton Counseling Center
Clinton Counseling Center is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 2 Crocker Boulevard Mount Clemens, MI 48043
Clinton Counseling Center specializes in Teens, DUI / DWI, and Hearing Impaired. Clinton Counseling Center provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Clinton Counseling Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Clinton Counseling Center is a Alcoholism Treatment Facility that can be contacted at (586) 468-2266.



Family Resource Counseling and
Family Resource Counseling and is a Alcohol Treatment Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 6444 Morris Street Marlette, MI 48453
Family Resource Counseling and provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Family Resource Counseling and accepts these payment options : Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Family Resource Counseling and is a Alcohol Rehab Facility that can be contacted at (989) 635-2400.



Christian Guidance Center
Christian Guidance Center is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 13220 Woodward Avenue Highland Park, MI 48203
Christian Guidance Center specializes in Men, and Criminal Justice Clients. Christian Guidance Center provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Halfway Housing, Residential Short Term Treatment, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Christian Guidance Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, and Sliding Scale Fees. Christian Guidance Center is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (313) 868-1946.



Eastwood Clinics
Eastwood Clinics is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 20811 Kelly Road Eastpointe, MI 48021
Eastwood Clinics provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Eastwood Clinics accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, and Self Pay. Eastwood Clinics is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (586) 445-2210.



Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR)
Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR) is a Alcohol Rehab Program located at 2041 30th Street Allegan, MI 49010
Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR) specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, Women, DUI / DWI, Criminal Justice Clients, and Hearing Impaired. Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR) provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR) accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Ottagan Addictions Rehab Inc (OAR) is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Facility that can be contacted at (616) 686-9810.



Heron Ridge Associates PLC
Heron Ridge Associates PLC is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility located at 7457 Franklin Road Bloomfield Hills, MI 48301
Heron Ridge Associates PLC accepts these payment options : Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Heron Ridge Associates PLC is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (248) 626-0636.



Metropolitan Arts Complex Inc
Metropolitan Arts Complex Inc is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 1274 Library Street Detroit, MI 48226
Metropolitan Arts Complex Inc provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Metropolitan Arts Complex Inc accepts these payment options : Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Metropolitan Arts Complex Inc is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (313) 963-2445.



Community Mental Health Services of
Community Mental Health Services of is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center located at 1470 Peck Street Muskegon, MI 49442
Community Mental Health Services of specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, and Hearing Impaired. Community Mental Health Services of provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Community Mental Health Services of accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Community Mental Health Services of is a Alcohol Treatment Facility that can be contacted at (231) 724-3300.



Choices West Counseling Services Inc
Choices West Counseling Services Inc is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 49 State Street Hart, MI 49420
Choices West Counseling Services Inc specializes in Teens, Women, DUI / DWI, and Spanish. Choices West Counseling Services Inc provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Choices West Counseling Services Inc accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Choices West Counseling Services Inc is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (231) 873-1443.



Insight Recovery Center
Insight Recovery Center is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 2929 Covington Court Lansing, MI 48912
Insight Recovery Center specializes in Teens. Insight Recovery Center provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and Day Treatment Services. Insight Recovery Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Insight Recovery Center is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (517) 371-4971.



Catholic Social Services of
Catholic Social Services of is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 53 Franklin Boulevard Pontiac, MI 48341
Catholic Social Services of provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Catholic Social Services of accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Catholic Social Services of is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (248) 334-3595.



Eastern Clinic
Eastern Clinic is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 1555 Eastern Street SE Grand Rapids, MI 49507
Eastern Clinic provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Methadone Maintenance, and Methadone Detox. Eastern Clinic accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Eastern Clinic is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (616) 243-6262.



Parkview Company
Parkview Company is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Center located at 18609 West 7 Mile Road Detroit, MI 48219
Parkview Company specializes in Women, and Hearing Impaired. Parkview Company provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, and Methadone Maintenance. Parkview Company accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Parkview Company is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (313) 532-8015.



Apex Behavioral Health PLLC
Apex Behavioral Health PLLC is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 5450 Fort Street Trenton, MI 48183
Apex Behavioral Health PLLC specializes in DUI / DWI, and Criminal Justice Clients. Apex Behavioral Health PLLC provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Apex Behavioral Health PLLC accepts these payment options : Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, and Self Pay. Apex Behavioral Health PLLC is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (734) 479-0949.



Metropolitan Rehabilitation Clinics
Metropolitan Rehabilitation Clinics is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 21700 Greenfield Street Oak Park, MI 48237
Metropolitan Rehabilitation Clinics provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Methadone Maintenance, and Methadone Detox. Metropolitan Rehabilitation Clinics accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Metropolitan Rehabilitation Clinics is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility that can be contacted at (248) 967-4310.



University Substance Abuse Clinic
University Substance Abuse Clinic is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 1000 Oakland Drive Kalamazoo, MI 49008
University Substance Abuse Clinic specializes in Women, DUI / DWI, Criminal Justice Clients, and Hearing Impaired. University Substance Abuse Clinic provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. University Substance Abuse Clinic accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. University Substance Abuse Clinic is a Alcoholism Treatment Center that can be contacted at (269) 387-8230.



Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr
Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr is a Alcohol Rehab Center located at 1800 Imlay City Road Lapeer, MI 48446
Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr specializes in Pregnant Women, Women, DUI / DWI, and Spanish. Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Alcohol Information and Counseling Ctr is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (810) 667-0243.



Alcohol Treatment Centers by City in Michigan Listed Alphabetically:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Nearby Cities

Wayland is 6.87 Miles from Hopkins
Allegan is 8.05 Miles from Hopkins
Martin is 8.75 Miles from Hopkins
Otsego is 11.94 Miles from Hopkins
Byron Center is 12.99 Miles from Hopkins
Plainwell is 13.91 Miles from Hopkins
Cutlerville is 15.53 Miles from Hopkins
Middleville is 16.36 Miles from Hopkins
Caledonia is 17.01 Miles from Hopkins
Hudsonville is 17.40 Miles from Hopkins
Fennville is 17.49 Miles from Hopkins
Zeeland is 18.29 Miles from Hopkins
Gobles is 19.21 Miles from Hopkins
Grandville is 19.31 Miles from Hopkins
Bloomingdale is 19.38 Miles from Hopkins
Kentwood is 19.47 Miles from Hopkins
Jenison is 19.73 Miles from Hopkins
Holland is 20.42 Miles from Hopkins
Beechwood is 21.87 Miles from Hopkins
Saugatuck is 22.49 Miles from Hopkins

Find Alcohol Rehab Centers in Major Cities Near Hopkins, Michigan:

Grand Rapids is 23.81 Miles from Hopkins
Kalamazoo is 25.52 Miles from Hopkins
Battle Creek is 35.70 Miles from Hopkins
Lansing is 61.67 Miles from Hopkins
Elkhart is 65.88 Miles from Hopkins
South Bend is 70.44 Miles from Hopkins
Racine is 104.04 Miles from Hopkins
Ann Arbor is 105.92 Miles from Hopkins
Kenosha is 105.99 Miles from Hopkins
Evanston is 106.46 Miles from Hopkins
Saginaw is 106.77 Miles from Hopkins
Waukegan is 108.34 Miles from Hopkins
Flint is 108.44 Miles from Hopkins
Gary is 108.55 Miles from Hopkins
Skokie is 108.86 Miles from Hopkins
Fort Wayne is 111.71 Miles from Hopkins
Chicago is 112.02 Miles from Hopkins
Hammond is 112.99 Miles from Hopkins
Milwaukee is 115.00 Miles from Hopkins
Cicero is 115.50 Miles from Hopkins

Quick Drug Facts

Alcohol withdrawal/detoxification can be very dangerous. People can experience extreme convulsions, delirium tremens (DTs), rapid heart rate, excessive sweating, auditory and visual hallucinations, delusions, disorientation, loss of appetite and insomnia. Severe withdrawal can be fatal.
Unlike other drugs, alcohol has no specific receptor to activate in the brain. For example, cocaine's receptor is called the dopamine transporter. Heroin's receptor is called the opioid receptor(s), and the receptor for marijuana is called the cannabinoid receptor. Scientists used to think that alcohol "melted" (not a scientific term) the nerve membrane in a reversible way, but today scientists are inclined to believe that alcohol has affinity for certain receptors for other chemicals in the brain. For example, alcohol is known to affect the GABA receptor, the NMDA receptor, and probably others to produce its myriad of behavioral and toxicological effects.
It was largely the monasteries that maintained the knowledge and skills during the Middle Ages necessary to produce quality alcohol beverages.
Alcohol advertisers spent $2 billion on alcohol advertising in measured media (television, radio, print, outdoor, major newspapers and Sunday supplements) in 2005.
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