Alcohol Abuse Treatment - Alcohol Rehab Directory

Local Time in Oakland is

Oakland, Maryland Population:

Oakland, Maryland has a population of 1,930 as of 2000.

Population Breakdown in Oakland, Maryland:

Caucasian - 1,883
African American - 14
Hispanic - 15
Other - 18

Oakland, MD. Education Information:

Oakland had a total of 463 high school graduates in 2000.
Oakland, MD. has a total of 334 college graduates with a bachelor's degree
or higher and 334 people with some college education. (Includes
Associates Degree)

Oakland Family Info Breakdown:

Oakland has a total of 67 single parents with children.
There are also 132 parents who are married with children in Oakland, Maryland.

Oakland, Maryland Housing Breakdown:

Oakland has 428 houses that are owner occupied.
Oakland has 359 houses that are renter-occupied.
Around 113 houses are vacant in Oakland, Maryland.
$88,400 is the average value of a house in Oakland, MD.
$350 is the average cost to rent a house in Oakland.

Oakland, Maryland Income Information:

The average income per family is $38,750 in Oakland.


Zip codes in Oakland
21550


Area codes in Oakland
240 301

Map of Oakland, Maryland :

Name
Phone
Email
CityOakland
StateMaryland
Person Seeking Treatment Age
Is Person Looking for Treatment?Yes No
More Information
Preferred Contact Method?Phone Email


Will Alcohol Abuse Treatment in Oakland Help Me?


A Oakland Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center is a vital step needed to recover from alcohol abuse. Not only do Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detoxification Centers help the individual to stop alcohol use but effective Alcohol Rehab and Alcohol Detox Facilities in Oakland help to repair all aspects of life such as self esteem, values, responsibility, ethics and morals as well as improve functioning with family, workplace, and community. While attending a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center in Oakland recovering alcohol addicts learn about alcohol recovery and relapse while sorting out and working through underlying issues, traumas and transgressions. Attending a Oakland Alcohol Rehab Program helps the recovering alcohol abuser learn life skills, coping skills make lifestyle changes. In addition, they learn to identify warning signs of relapse and "triggers" in order to avoid relapse.

It is common for those having problems with alcohol abuse to have self-esteem issues and feel powerless over their addiction. Some Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detox Centers in Oakland focus on repairing self-esteem and self confidence. Individuals gain a sense of power and regain abilities to be in control of their life and the decisions they make. They are able to refuse unhealthy, addictive behaviors and easily make positive healthy decisions that promote a productive alcohol free lifestyle.

Keep in mind that Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detoxification Facilities in Oakland differ in treatment methods, program lengths, staff qualifications, and credentials, therefore, no single Oakland Alcohol Program Alcoholism Center is appropriate for all individuals. Every situation is different and treatment needs vary depending on the severity of the problem. Therefore, it is important to match alcohol abuse treatment services to fit each individual's particular problems and needs. Choosing the correct Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Facility in Oakland that will address each individual's needs will provide the greatest chances of success and return the individual to productive functioning in the family, workplace, and society. If you or someone you care about is caught in the trap of alcohol abuse, then an Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center in Oakland may be necessary in salvaging their life.




What Types of Rehab are Available for Alcohol Abuse in Oakland?


When searching for an Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center in Oakland it is imperative to select the correct type of Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center in Oakland that will address your specific treatment needs. For most people, alcohol abuse and addiction is largely misunderstood and as a result, people often make improper choices as to which type of Alcohol Rehab Program in Oakland they should consider, therefore they often receive inadequate treatment. When alcohol abuse has become a central aspect of life for yourself or your loved one, time is essential. You must quickly educate yourself about the many different types of Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detoxification Centers available in Oakland.

Most Alcohol Rehab and Alcohol Detox Facilities in Oakland will offer a variety of services but often they will be categorized as a specific treatment type. There are many alcohol treatment types available including, out-patient alcohol treatment, inpatient alcohol treatment, alcohol detox, short term alcohol treatment or long term alcohol treatment.

Outpatient Alcohol Treatment in Oakland

There are many outpatient Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detox Centers in Oakland. Most consist of some form of education classes, support groups, and or individualized therapy where the alcohol user does not require overnight stay. This is a popular form of treatment because of it's flexibility especially for those who cannot take long periods of time to devote entirely to alcohol abuse treatment. These types of programs can be very useful to those in Oakland who must continue to work or attend school. Programs for outpatient treatment vary depending on the patient’s needs and the facility but they can consist simply of attending an community 12-step group, to a more structured outpatient program typically meeting a couple of times every week for a couple of hours at a time or, intensive out-patient(IOP) which consists of a highly structured group program that meets 3 to 5 days a week for a few hours at a time.

Attending outpatient treatment is different from inpatient treatment in that you are not under constant supervision, you still live at home and requires strict self discipline. For those who fear they may give in to the temptation of alcohol in the early stages of treatment, inpatient residential treatment at a Oakland Alcohol Program Alcoholism Center is recommended.

Inpatient Alcohol Treatment in Oakland

Individuals who feel their alcohol abuse has affected their lifestyle such as their family, friends, or work will benefit greatly from inpatient alcohol treatment. This form of treatment provides the recovering alcohol addict with support 24-hours a day. Additionally, removing the individual from their former surroundings helps them to adjust to living an alcohol-free lifestyle. The benefits of inpatient treatment also include the reduced likelihood of the individual using alcohol while in treatment as well as highly structured days.

Inpatient treatment can take place in a variety of locations. Many first think of hospitals or similar accommodations, however, this is not always the case. Inpatient treatment takes place in residential settings as well. In fact, the preferred treatment environment of an inpatient Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Facility in Oakland would be one that was is restrictive than a hospital, but has close supervision and structured days. Most of these types of SINGULER in Oakland offer supervised detoxification that may involve medication in a hospital setting or social detoxification (i.e. no medication) in a non-hospital setting.

Oakland Alcohol Detox

Alcohol Detox in Oakland is where the recovery process begins. Quitting alcohol abuse can initially be very uncomfortable and withdrawal symptoms often occur. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be life threatening in some cases so it is important to seek care in a Oakland alcohol detox facility where medical professionals can manage and minimize the symptoms associated with drug or alcohol withdrawal under 24 hour care and supervision.

It is important to note that although alcohol detox plays a valuable role in the alcohol abuse recovery process, it is does NOT constitute a complete recovery. It is recommended that the alcohol abuser attends a Oakland Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center after the initial alcohol detox process is complete.

Short Term Alcohol Treatment in Oakland

Short term Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detoxification Facilities in Oakland consist of inpatient treatment typically lasting 28 - 30 days or less. Short term Alcohol Treatment and Alcohol Detox Centers were originally designed to conform with insurance companies because many insurance carriers only cover a maximum of 28 to 30 days of substance abuse treatment. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict with certainty that exactly "28 days" is the correct amount of time to recover from an alcohol abuse problem. In fact, in most cases this is not enough time for a successful lasting recovery.

Short term Alcoholism Treatment and Alcohol Detoxification Centers in Oakland can be beneficial for those who have only been abusing alcohol for a short amount of time and the degree of alcohol abuse is relatively low. Short term Alcohol Treatment and Alcohol Detox Facilities in Oakland provide the alcohol abuser the opportunity to get away from their drinking patterns and for a short amount of time and focus on medical stabilization, abstinence, and lifestyle changes.

Long Term Alcohol Treatment in Oakland

Long term alcohol treatment, otherwise known as long term “Residential” alcohol treatment generally lasts anywhere from 3 to 12 months in a residential, non-hospital setting. Long term Alcoholism Treatment and Alcohol Detox Centers in Oakland use the program's entire "community," including other residents, staff, and the social context, as active components of treatment. Long term Alcohol Programs Alcoholism Centers in Oakland focus on developing personal accountability and responsibility and ethical productive lives. Long term Alcoholism Treatment Centers in Oakland are highly structured with activities designed to help residents examine harmful beliefs, self-concepts, and patterns of behavior and to adopt new life skills, coping skills and constructive ways to interact with others.




Why would I Need Alcohol Detox in Oakland?


When heavy or frequent drinkers suddenly decide to quit "cold turkey" they will experience some physical withdrawal symptoms -- which can range from the mildly annoying to severe and even life-threatening. For this reason, an alcohol detox in Oakland is often necessary.

An alcohol detox center in Oakland would be the first step of recovery from alcohol abuse. Alcohol detox centers in Oakland are designed to safely manage physical withdrawal symptoms while coming of alcohol as well as assist with psychological and emotional discomforts of coming off alcohol. Alcohol detox should be done under the care of a licensed medical facility in Oakland. Attempting to detox from alcohol without proper professional help is extremely dangerous. It can result in serious physical, psychological, and emotional consequences which can include death.

It is important to note that Oakland alcohol detox is only the initial step in the alcohol abuse recovery process. Alcohol detox programs only provide physical and emotional stabilization while going through alcohol withdrawal and therefore, alcohol detox in Oakland should not be viewed as full rehabilitation. Oakland Alcohol Rehabilitation and Alcohol Detoxification Centers will append efforts to maintain the gains made in alcohol detox, while working towards establishing a firm ground upon which future long-term recovery is to be built.

Research has shown that the vast majority of people in Oakland that complete alcohol detox, but fail to continue treatment in a Oakland residential Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center, end up in relapse. Alcohol detox is a vital component in the recovery process, but lasting recovery in Oakland is generally achieved through a structured Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center that addresses the root of the addiction and not just its physical effects.








Garrett County Health Department - MAP
Garrett County Health Department is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center located at 1025 Memorial Drive Oakland, MD 21550
Garrett County Health Department specializes in Teens, Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, Women, DUI / DWI, and Criminal Justice Clients. Garrett County Health Department provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Garrett County Health Department accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Garrett County Health Department is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (301) 334-7670.



Step Ahead Program of KHI Services
Step Ahead Program of KHI Services is a Alcohol Rehab Program located at 20528 Boland Farm Road Germantown, MD 20876
Step Ahead Program of KHI Services specializes in Teens, and DUI / DWI. Step Ahead Program of KHI Services provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Step Ahead Program of KHI Services accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Step Ahead Program of KHI Services is a Alcohol Program Alcoholism Center that can be contacted at (240) 686-0707.



EPOCH Counseling Center
EPOCH Counseling Center is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 800 Ingleside Avenue Catonsville, MD 21228
EPOCH Counseling Center specializes in Teens, Women, Men, DUI / DWI, Criminal Justice Clients, and Hearing Impaired. EPOCH Counseling Center provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. EPOCH Counseling Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. EPOCH Counseling Center is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (410) 744-5937.



University of Maryland
University of Maryland is a Alcohol Treatment Center located at 701 West Pratt Street Baltimore, MD 21201
University of Maryland specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, Pregnant Women, and Women. University of Maryland provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, and Detox. University of Maryland accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. University of Maryland is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Facility that can be contacted at (410) 328-6600.



Montgomery General Hospital
Montgomery General Hospital is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 18101 Prince Philip Drive Olney, MD 20832
Montgomery General Hospital specializes in Teens, Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, DUI / DWI, Hearing Impaired, and Spanish. Montgomery General Hospital provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Day Treatment Services, and Hospital / Medical Inpatient. Montgomery General Hospital accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, and Self Pay. Montgomery General Hospital is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (301) 774-8800.



Reality Inc
Reality Inc is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 419 Main Street Laurel, MD 20707
Reality Inc provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Reality Inc accepts these payment options : Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Reality Inc is a Alcohol Rehab Facility that can be contacted at (301) 490-5551.



Catoctin Counseling Center
Catoctin Counseling Center is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detoxification Center located at 228 East Washington Street Hagerstown, MD 21740
Catoctin Counseling Center specializes in DUI / DWI. Catoctin Counseling Center provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Catoctin Counseling Center accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Catoctin Counseling Center is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (301) 745-6687.



Avery House
Avery House is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detox Center located at 14705 Avery Road Rockville, MD 20853
Avery House specializes in AIDS and HIV, Pregnant Women, Women, Residential Beds for Adolescents, and Spanish. Avery House provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Halfway Housing, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Avery House is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (301) 762-4651.



Hilltop Recovery
Hilltop Recovery is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 10207 Jensen Lane Owings Mills, MD 21117
Hilltop Recovery specializes in AIDS and HIV, Women, Men, and Hearing Impaired. Hilltop Recovery provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Residential Short Term Treatment, and Hospital / Medical Inpatient. Hilltop Recovery accepts these payment options : Self Pay. Hilltop Recovery is a Alcoholism Treatment Facility that can be contacted at (410) 902-0448.



Mountain Manor Treatment Center
Mountain Manor Treatment Center is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at Carroll Plaza Shopping Center Westminster, MD 21157
Mountain Manor Treatment Center specializes in DUI / DWI. Mountain Manor Treatment Center provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Mountain Manor Treatment Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Mountain Manor Treatment Center is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (410) 876-2425.



Addiction Recovery Services
Addiction Recovery Services is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility located at 10716 Little Patuxent Parkway Columbia, MD 21044
Addiction Recovery Services specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, AIDS and HIV, Gay / Lesbian, Senior / Over 50, Women, Men, DUI / DWI, and Criminal Justice Clients. Addiction Recovery Services provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Addiction Recovery Services accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Addiction Recovery Services is a Alcohol Treatment Facility that can be contacted at (410) 381-7308.



Haven Counseling Services LLC
Haven Counseling Services LLC is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Center located at 1636 West Old Liberty Road Sykesville, MD 21784
Haven Counseling Services LLC specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, Women, Men, and DUI / DWI. Haven Counseling Services LLC provides these types of treament : Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. Haven Counseling Services LLC accepts these payment options : Self Pay. Haven Counseling Services LLC is a Alcohol Rehab Program and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (410) 635-8400.



Mountain Manor Outpatient Services
Mountain Manor Outpatient Services is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 137 North Market Street Frederick, MD 21701
Mountain Manor Outpatient Services specializes in DUI / DWI. Mountain Manor Outpatient Services provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Mountain Manor Outpatient Services accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Mountain Manor Outpatient Services is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Center that can be contacted at (301) 662-1407.



Addictions Counseling Service
Addictions Counseling Service is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 17 Warren Road Pikesville, MD 21208
Addictions Counseling Service specializes in DUI / DWI. Addictions Counseling Service provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Addictions Counseling Service accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Addictions Counseling Service is a Alcohol Rehab Center that can be contacted at (410) 484-6021.



Right Turn of Maryland IOP
Right Turn of Maryland IOP is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center and Alcohol Detox Center located at 10207 Jensen Lane Owings Mills, MD 21117
Right Turn of Maryland IOP specializes in Women, DUI / DWI, and Criminal Justice Clients. Right Turn of Maryland IOP provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Halfway Housing, Residential Short Term Treatment, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Right Turn of Maryland IOP accepts these payment options : Self Pay, and Sliding Scale Fees. Right Turn of Maryland IOP is a Alcohol Treatment Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (410) 764-2266.



Counseling Resources
Counseling Resources is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 8388 Court Avenue Ellicott City, MD 21043
Counseling Resources specializes in Teens, Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, DUI / DWI, Criminal Justice Clients, Spanish, and Foreign Languages other than Spanish. Counseling Resources provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, and Day Treatment Services. Counseling Resources accepts these payment options : Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. Counseling Resources is a Alcoholism Treatment Center that can be contacted at (410) 461-8662.



Loyola College Alcohol and
Loyola College Alcohol and is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Facility located at 4501 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21210
Loyola College Alcohol and provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. Loyola College Alcohol and is a Alcohol Rehab Center and Alcohol Detoxification Facility that can be contacted at (410) 617-2928.



Mountain Manor Treatment Center
Mountain Manor Treatment Center is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Center located at 9701 Keysville Road Emmitsburg, MD 21727
Mountain Manor Treatment Center specializes in Pregnant Women, Women, and Residential Beds for Adolescents. Mountain Manor Treatment Center provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Detox, Residential Short Term Treatment, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Mountain Manor Treatment Center accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Private Health Insurance, and Self Pay. Mountain Manor Treatment Center is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be contacted at (301) 447-2361.



National Institute For
National Institute For is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 5602 Baltimore National Pike Catonsville, MD 21228
National Institute For specializes in Teens, Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, Men, and Criminal Justice Clients. National Institute For provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services. National Institute For accepts these payment options : Medicaid Insurance, Medicare Insurance, Private Health Insurance, Military Insurance, Self Pay, Sliding Scale Fees, and Pay Assistance. National Institute For is a Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility and Alcohol Detox Facility that can be contacted at (410) 653-7180.



Wells House
Wells House is a Alcoholism Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Facility located at 124 East Baltimore Street Hagerstown, MD 21740
Wells House specializes in Co-Occuring Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse, AIDS and HIV, Men, and Spanish. Wells House provides these types of treament : Substance Abuse Services, Halfway Housing, and Residential Long Term Treatment. Wells House accepts these payment options : Self Pay, and Pay Assistance. Wells House is a Alcohol Treatment Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Facility that can be contacted at (301) 739-7748.



Local Treatment Facilities and Counseling Centers in Oakland, Maryland Specializing in Alcohol Abuse and Rehabilitation.

Maryland State Government - Education Maryland State Of- Division of Rehabilitation Serv - MAP
Maryland State Government - Education Maryland State Of- Division of Rehabilitation Serv is a Alcohol Treatment Program and Alcohol Detox Center located at 215 South 3rd Street Oakland, MD 21550.
Maryland State Government - Education Maryland State Of- Division of Rehabilitation Serv is a Alcohol Rehab Facility and Alcohol Detoxification Center that can be reached at (301)334-7947.



Alcohol Treatment Centers by City in Maryland Listed Alphabetically:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

Nearby Cities

Mountain Lake Park is 1.39 Miles from Oakland
Loch Lynn Heights is 2.09 Miles from Oakland
Deer Park is 4.30 Miles from Oakland
Terra Alta is 7.81 Miles from Oakland
Bayard is 9.79 Miles from Oakland
Kitzmiller is 11.89 Miles from Oakland
Elk Garden is 13.49 Miles from Oakland
Albright is 13.75 Miles from Oakland
Rowlesburg is 14.93 Miles from Oakland
Kingwood is 15.54 Miles from Oakland
Accident is 15.69 Miles from Oakland
Friendsville is 17.39 Miles from Oakland
Tunnelton is 18.29 Miles from Oakland
Thomas is 18.80 Miles from Oakland
Luke is 19.03 Miles from Oakland
Davis is 19.58 Miles from Oakland
Piedmont is 19.61 Miles from Oakland
Westernport is 19.96 Miles from Oakland
Brandonville is 21.13 Miles from Oakland
Bruceton Mills is 21.30 Miles from Oakland

Find Alcohol Rehab Centers in Major Cities Near Oakland, Maryland:

Frederick is 105.90 Miles from Oakland
Reston is 114.63 Miles from Oakland
Germantown is 115.68 Miles from Oakland
Gaithersburg is 118.07 Miles from Oakland
Burke is 122.38 Miles from Oakland
Dale City is 122.56 Miles from Oakland
Annandale is 124.11 Miles from Oakland
Bethesda is 126.15 Miles from Oakland
Aspen Hill is 126.32 Miles from Oakland
Wheaton Glenmont is 127.91 Miles from Oakland
Arlington is 128.36 Miles from Oakland
Silver Spring is 130.75 Miles from Oakland
Alexandria is 131.63 Miles from Oakland
Youngstown is 133.69 Miles from Oakland
Columbia is 136.92 Miles from Oakland
Ellicott City is 137.87 Miles from Oakland
Lynchburg is 139.23 Miles from Oakland
Charleston is 140.51 Miles from Oakland
Canton is 141.89 Miles from Oakland
Bowie is 145.72 Miles from Oakland

Quick Drug Facts

Alcohol is listed as medicinal in the United States Pharmacopoeia.
In the 1800's, doctors routinely prescribed alcoholic drinks as a treatment for disease.
Alcohol can cause both short-term and long-term effects.
Colonial New Englanders often put barrels of cider outdoors in cold weather, then removed the ice to increase the alcohol content of the remaining beverage.
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